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Codes, Standards and Inspection for Heavy Steel Frames

Last reviewed 19 October 2026 · Editorial standards

A welded frame is bought against several codes at once: one for the steel, one for the welding, one for the paint, one for the paperwork and, in some markets, one for the right to sell it at all. This hub lists them by industry first. The pages under it each take one code, certificate, test or document and say what to require and how to check it.

Matrix: industry by layer

Industry or product A. Steel and product standards B. Certificates to ask for C. Tests and documents D. Market rules
Mining equipment frames (crusher, screen, conveyor) EN 10025-2 and -4 plate, ASTM A36 and A572, structural bolts to ASTM F3125 EN 1090 execution class 2 or 3, AWS D1.1 shop qualification, ISO 3834-2, client HSE prequalification Mill certificates, visual inspection, NDT extent, paint thickness and adhesion, final dossier AS/NZS 5131 (Australia), CE marking (EU), Section 232 (US)
Wind energy structures EN 10025-3 and -4, through-thickness grades to EN 10164, plate surface class to EN 10163 EN 1090 execution class 3 or 4, ISO 3834-2, turbine maker audit Ultrasonic testing of plate and welds, flatness, ISO 12944 C5 or CX paint, 3.1 or 3.2 certificates CE marking, CBAM
Marine and offshore skids EN 10025-4 low-temperature grades, NORSOK steel and coating rules Class society approval, ISO 3834-2, NDT staff to ISO 9712 Padeye proof load, NDT extent, paint thickness, 3.2 certificates EEA and Norway rules
Process skids, modules and pipe racks S355 and A36, 304 and 316 stainless EN 1090, AISC (US), CSA W47.1 (Canada) Visual inspection, penetrant testing on stainless, paint and galvanising inspection, dossier, cargo securing Section 232 and Build America, Buy America (US), CE marking
Battery storage, e-house and transformer bases A36, S355, galvanised sections ISO 3834-2, client HSE prequalification Galvanising inspection, flatness, dossier Build America, Buy America (US federal funding), CE marking
Cranes, port and hydropower structures EN 10025-3, -4 and -6, EN 10164 EN 1090 execution class 3 or 4, welding inspector qualifications Full-length UT or MT where the extent table asks for it, proof loads, 3.2 certificates CE marking
Generator, compressor and test-bed bases Plate with machining allowance, EN 10163 ISO 3834, welding coordinator Flatness report, dossier None specific

How the layers fit together

Layer A is what the steel and the part are made to. Layer B is what a third party has checked about the shop or its people. Layer C is what is measured on your frame and written down. Layer D is what decides whether the frame may enter or be sold in a market. A clear RFQ names one item from each layer that applies. A quote that cannot answer one of them is the early warning.

A certificate on the wall covers a system, not your order. The tests and documents in layer C are what show that your frame was made to the system.

Reading order for a first import

  1. The steel: reading EN 10025 plate designations, ASTM A6 plate tolerances, EN 10163 surface condition, then how to read the mill certificate.
  2. The shop: how to verify an EN 1090 certificate, AISC certification for US work, CSA W47.1 for Canada for personnel, NDT personnel under ISO 9712 and SNT-TC-1A and welding inspector qualifications and, for work on a client site, contractor HSE prequalification. Tolerances on the frame itself: EN 1090-2 geometrical tolerances.
  3. The inspection: visual weld inspection, how much NDT, surface preparation, coating thickness and galvanizing inspection. For lifting points, proof load testing.
  4. The paperwork and the box: the final documentation package and securing the frame for transport.
  5. The market: the import rules hub, starting with CBAM and CE marking of steel structures, then Build America, Buy America for US federal work and AS/NZS 5131 for Australia and New Zealand.

A note on this site

heavyframes.com is a matching service. It does not hold an ISO, EN 1090, AWS or any other certificate, and it does not certify or approve shops. Where a page names a certificate, the advice is the same: ask the shop for the original, read the scope and check it with the issuing body. How we vet shops describes what we look at before a shop is matched.

Frequently asked questions

Does heavyframes.com hold any of these certificates?
No. This site is a matching service. It does not issue, hold or audit certificates. Every certification page says how to ask a shop for the original and where to check it.
Where do I start if my drawing only says to build to a code?
Start with the row in the matrix that matches the frame, then read the certification and documents pages for that row. Write the code, the edition, the execution class or quality level and the documents you expect on the RFQ.
Are these pages legal or engineering advice?
No. They explain what a standard asks for so a buyer can write a clear RFQ and read a shop's paperwork. The engineer of record decides which code governs the frame.
Sources

Standards and rules are cited as references. They are not claims about heavyframes.com or any shop. Confirm the edition and current status with the issuing body.

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